Deeper knowledge of the meaning of “animation” and the historical evolution of animated films from pre-cinema until today; deeper knowledge of the main animation techniques and artistic trends. Ability to identify stylistic connections among specific authors and movies. Ability to identify intersections between animation and other arts.

Personal motivation is the only requirement.

• Giannalberto Bendazzi, Animation: A World History, Focal Press-CRC Press (Taylor & Francis), Boca Raton (Florida), 2016;
  
• Giannalberto Bendazzi, Raffaele De Berti (a cura di), La fabbrica dell’animazione. Bruno Bozzetto nell’industria culturale italiana, Milano, Il Castoro, 2003;
  
• Liz Fabers, Helen Walters, Animazione sperimentale. Cortometraggi innovativi dal 1940, Modena, Logos, 2004 (Animation Unlimited: Innovative Short Films Since 1940, London, Lawrence King Publishing Ltd., 2003);
  
• Davide Giurlando (a cura di), Fantasmagoria. Un secolo (e oltre) di cinema d’animazione, Venezia, Marsilio, 2017;
  
• Laurent Mannoni, Donata Pesenti Campagnoni, Lanterna magica e film dipinto, Il Castoro/Museo Nazionale del Cinema, 2009;
  
• Carlo Montanaro, Dall’argento al pixel. Storia della tecnica del cinema, Genova, Le Mani, 2005;
  
• Bill Plympton, David B. Levy, Independently Animated: Bill Plympton, New York, Universe Publishing, 2011;
  
• Barry Purves, Animazione stop motion, Modena, Logos, 2015 (Stop Motion Animation. Frame by Frame Film-Making with Puppets and Models, London, Bloomsbury Publishing Pic, 2014);
  
• Chris Robinson, Animators Unearthed. A Guide to the Best of Contemporary Animation, New York, Continuum, 2010.